Chuck



L. K. WARMAN July 18, 1933.

CHUCK Filed Nov. '22, 1930 INVENTOR. [Ah fi/VC! h amm/v.

ATTO NEY.

Patented July 18, 1933,

aster Linea uvehibefr" This invention*relates to clmcks ingeneral and more particularly to, an iinproved An'oloject ofthisin'vention is t grip an article in a chuckby, aslight relative motion between the article and a chuckja w and to release the article by a slight relativemotion inthe opposite direction.

Another obj 'ect" of this invention is to grip ,1 0 a bar or tube by a pluralityof chuck jaws so designed and arranged in a chuckthat the j aws press against the bard! tube upon slight relativerotation thereof in either direction.

erted upon a'piece of material-to hold" the "depending upon friction between} the jaws l A further obj ectof this inye'ntion is to use a portion of theturriing forceortorqueiexpiece of material in a'chuck and thereby'to prevent """In the its turning relative to the: chuck.

chuck'and which hold an article 'in the chuck exerting direct radial pressure thereon,

the articleto prevent slipping therebeand "tween. The jaws may ,be separately movable, usually by a screw device, o'r m'ea'ns may beprovided tomoive all oftheljaws equally with reference 01 provided he j as usually made is thatthe gripping force of. the jawsdepends 1pm; {the radial pressure 1 pressure means "the article from .pen ditur e ,of v lar effort by.

- force the article will slip Tol lnaintain this thejaws and bears to the center of the chuck, aws are first equally spaced from the center. One' defect of such chucks which. is ,originally placed on the articlein I y no relation'tothetorque which tends t0-n1ake the articlejs lip in the chuck. If the torque exceeds the gripping upon radial pressure dependence is placed friction in the pressure exerting means,

, release the article from the chuck the jaw moving means Amustbe operated the reverse direction; v Experience has shown that,' adjusting the "chuck jaws, operating, theradial the chuck "involve j th'e jiexconsiderable time, and muscu; the perator ofthe chuck p f The present invention provides chucking means in which thegripping force increases 1 nnwnmrcn xi wAImAN, OF ERiEQBENfiSjELYANIA;

CORIBOBA'IION,-OF;ERIE QEfENNSYLYAN past it has been custcmar'yto pro-. vide achuck with three on-fourjaws which I: are movable in radial grooiies'or slots in the and subsequently releasing j were was 22; 1930; 's iiilf ism 597,405

ih ldrqflej slip between lthe chuck and the article held tllGIe1I1.3=- 'When the torque, is z remo-Yed the AS Q rclwl tms vis ,1; i

1 increased thereby preventing grippihg;force idrops stoaa lowl value. permit? .i

from i the chuck. By themse: of chucksphav 1 1I1 g12LWsl made according to this invention much time and humanz.zen.crgy" i 'e saved-z 1e Theaforementioned -objects;are; accom- V 'pllshed-and the above"; advantages are 'real,

substantially cylindrical: awswand holders for: thewgawsyeach;having a slot orzcavity therein 1 conforming to] a portionavof .the pe- I riphery bf a; 'j r i Means: are provided (for 'sliinitingthe rotation of .'thei j aws in their 'ref" 'spective holdersiantlitheportions o thej aws -protrud1ngfr0n th'e' holders area'dapted to "gnp =art1cle$ placed; in the chuck; Further "objects and advantages of this invention will v beapparent to thosejsk-illed ini the 'artand by reference to" the following; descriptionand tofthe ffigures of the accompanying drawing 'm which are described and illustratednsevi eral 'l embodimentsOt'this invention and in 7 F gurefhrepres'entsi a; chuck :jalw arranged 111 a holderi naccordance :w'ith thi'sinvention,

"the ffigure -heing partly in s tio e dew elevation of F "Figure 2 1sa "s Figure 3 is apla' n view of the chuck: jawii" shown -ih Figure (showing the gripping surfaceof tlie ]aW'-; 1 I? m ,1 fFiglure' l s a front Viewo ach'uck fwhich Ylnacle in accord'ance with tlfis invention, and

; shows apiece tubingin the chuck; and: f Figures5j and (i' 'show alternative-'formsof chuck j aws infse'ction with special i to the grippiugfportions thereoff '1 i Referring; now to eFig'urfes =1 and;

ence chaijacter l 'in' cat es' ai chuckjawha'v- 1 in a suhstantiall y gw'ith' oi ugn of its Sui an "a icle indicated by "lindrical periph ry-2 hapedto grip" r line 4;

" surface 3of 1' The ends? and 8 o reference 1 fiess'en gram e of chuck ith'attfhe i i fronlfiits" entral gaxis"9ito r chu lzedlby' provldmg' a; chuck withone 'or more iAs usually adjusted the adjacent, ends of 3' jaw l'are substantially perpendicularto its central axis 9. I 7

Chuck jaw l is mounted in cavity 11 in ,holderil2.' The surface of cavity 11 conformsls ubstantially to the periphery 2 of the jaw l which is not entirely enclosed by the i holder 12 but has a portion adjacent the gripping surface 3 disposed external to the holder; Motion *of jaw 1 is anaxialdirection islimited by the rear wall 13 of the cavity 11 and by a plate 14 attached to holder as by screws 16.

forthe end portions '2'1aand 21b ofv stop members 22aand'22brespectively and for spring members 123a and 23b disposed in the clea-ra'ncespac'e. Stop members or set screws 22ai'land22b are adjustable with reference toth'e web 'or tongue 24 formed in :j aw 1 by cavities '17 a and 171), by. means ofthe'threa-ded portions '2'6a and 26bthereof cooperating with similarly threaded holes in holder 12,-

"set screws 22; :and 22b: are spaced from tongue'24 'thereby allowing j aw *1 to rotate 1n cavity 11 through-a smallangle but preventfin-g any further. rotations-of jaw 1. Y The springs 22a and 226 are substantially equal and normally hold the tongue 24 equally dis- ".ta'nt -fromtheadjacent ends of stops 22ajjand 22?) It is -readilyseen-therefore, that if an :article 4 is lightly pressed against surface 3 when jaw 1 is in the normal position, asli'ght T rotation of article 4-in either direction will cause rotation Iof-jaw l in cavity ll'thereby causing aigi'ipping edge of'jawl to -press rnoregfirinly againstarticle If the center "of; article 4; is prevented from moving away from the axis 9, asby 'stopsbrsiinilar chuck jaws on the opposite side of article 54:, addi- I tioiialr'lturiiin-grforce or torquewillcausead- 0 dit'ional pressurebetween the'gripplng edge 7 arti'clejhetweeng'jaw 1and'the stops orsimandiarticle 4thereby securely h olding the fi ilari-jaws disposed about the periphery of article 4.; The pressure, and therefore the' gripping ferce increases with anincrease of tor u -so that a portionfof article i will I v lilines') sshaped to form adouble 'cam' -3939.

-us1i'ally shear ofi' beforefarticle 4 will slip throughthe holder 12. It als qreadily seen athat aa-slight rotationof; article 4 relative to irelati've. to jawi'l a-r LSQS J s. are obtainejd if aret'arding forcefis appliedlto-arti- .cle l and the torque is appliedto. jaw 1 V .1 jaw 11 in theepposite direction; will cause rotationlof jaw 1 in the opposite directibn cavity '11 thereby releasing "the pressure i,

therebetween.

substantially cylindrical member adapted to The form of gripping surface as illus trated in Figure 3 has been found to be very practical and useful but this invention is not i limited to any particular form of gripping surface or edge, I

v Figure tillustrates how three: holders30 similar to 12 of Figure 1 each having a chuck V jaw 31 similar to 1 of Figure 1 may be mounted a chuck head 32 and how a piece of pipe or tubing 33 maybe held by the chuck jaws 31. Holders 30 and therefore jaws 31 are movable and'adjustable radially with reference to the chuck head 32, either independently or simultaneously by any one of thegwell known mechanisms used to move and adjust chuck j aws; It should bereadilygunderstood by inspection of Figure 4 that if an is arti'clesuch-a's the-piece of tubing 33 ispla'ced inthe chuck headand if the holders 30:are I then moved {toward the center of the, chuck head until they all press lightly on tubing 33, a slight relative rotation in either direction :betweentub'ing 33 311(1Cl1110lifl16itd 32 will cause -jaws 3l to rotate in 'hold'ers 30 and thereby firmly grip the tubing33 as explained fa bove. When operations are; completed on tubing 33,as1ight rotation inthe opposite direction relative-to chuckhead 32 releases the tubing When a number of piecesof suhstantially-thesame diameter, are chucked and "released in succession, it is -necessary. to. ad; just the holders 30, only for the first p ece The jaws 31 provide clearance for axial movet intent of thepiecesbut when turned their,

edges firmly grip the pieces; Thus, it can be seen that asavi'ng of time and' effort is efi'ected-bythe use of chuck jawsin accordance with .this'invention. In-some instances it sis preferable to substitute smooth rollers for two 1 of the j'jaws Sland grip the piece 33 by. the 7 third jaw. Threejaws or supportsgive sati'sfactory results but'chuck headsmay bep'm vided with "four or a larger numberofjaws and any'part thereof may be gripping jaws: fsimilar to jaws 31 and the rem r ,t f nd m supports or rollersr Fi' 'ure "5 illustrates another term; of. griplp'ing jaw 34; having two gripping edges 35'35 'formed f by cutting 'a' giroove 136 11137,;

fitintocavity 11 ofholders 12 Figure l shown in Figure 16. That portion of-thesur- The cam surfaces 39- 39 are designed to be self locking according to well known ,prindecrease in length. f The former j aw shown j Figur'e 6 is especially suitable for gripping objects having polished surfaces with- Y Still another 'formof grippingjaw 38"is ffaceof jaw 38which in the normal position lies outside of holder 12 indicated'by dotted out spoiling the the surfaces. u e v It should beunderstood that the forego-i ing specification and the figures of the accompanying drawing serve to describe and illustrate the present invention but the novel features which are believed to be character-- istic of this invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims.

- 1. A chucking device comprising av subfinish or making marks on stantially cylindrical jaw, a holder therefor andgadjustable stopscarried by said sup V porting means and cooperating with said web for limiting the rotation ofsaid jaw il I relativeto said supporting means.

1 3. A chuck as defined in claim 2 and resilient means disposed between said web and said stops for normally positioning said web midway betweensaid stops- I A. A chucking device comprising a chuck jaw having recesses therein forming a web between said'recesses,aholder for said jaw having a cavity in'an end thereofpartially engaging said jaw and conforming-to the surface thereof, said jaw being rotatable' 'in said cavity, means carried by said holder for;

by "said holder projecting into saidfcavity v stops and bearing against oppositesides of said web, said sprlngs andstops cooperating so closing the endsof said cavity, stops carried and adjustablydisposed on opposite sides a of said we-band coil springs carried by said 'g fi with said web to control and limit respectively the I r LAWRENCE K.

rotationof the jawin said holder. j

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,918,439. July 18, 1933.

LAWRENCE K. WARMAN.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: In the heading to the printed specification, line 4, for Serial No. "597,409" read "497,409"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 12th day of September, A. D. 1933.

M. J. Moore.

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

